Fraction sense, not fraction arithmetic

Half of 12, a third of 18, which is bigger between 2/3 and 3/5, and “you are two-thirds through a 45-minute show — how long is left?” Nothing here needs paper. Comparing is where the real lesson sits, and the hint names it: different bottoms, so what number do 8 and 5 both go into? That is the common denominator, and those are equivalent fractions — the words British Columbia uses at Grades 4 and 6 and Ontario uses throughout.

This is also the category with the best evidence behind it. In a study of 599 children in the United States and 3,677 in the United Kingdom, how well ten- to twelve-year-olds understood fractions and division predicted their algebra and overall math achievement in high school — and still predicted it after accounting for IQ, working memory, reading comprehension, and their parents’ income and education.

Coro — chorus. Everyone gets to play.